Vehicle sea export procedures
Vehicle sea export procedures
The export business of motor vehicles includes many links, such as goods preparation, certificate expediting, certificate examination, certificate modification, chartering and space booking, customs declaration, inspection, insurance, shipment, voucher preparation and foreign exchange settlement. Among them, four links are the most important: cargo (preparation), certificate (expediting, certificate examination, certificate Revision), ship (chartering and space booking), and payment (voucher preparation and foreign exchange settlement).
1、 Stock up
Prepare the goods according to the requirements of quality, packaging, quantity and delivery time specified in the contract. The following points should be noted during the preparation process:
1. Quality of goods: the quality and specification of goods shall be verified according to the requirements of the contract, and processing and sorting shall be carried out when necessary to ensure that the quality and specification of goods are consistent with the provisions of the contract.
2. Quantity of goods: it shall ensure that the quantity requirements of the contract or letter of credit are met, and the quantity of goods prepared shall be appropriately reserved for possible replacement during shipment and for adapting to the space.
3. Packaging and shipping marks (transportation marks): the goods shall be carefully checked and verified to make it comply with the provisions of the letter of credit, and the requirements for protecting the goods and adapting to the transportation shall be met. If the packaging is found to be defective or damaged, it shall be repaired or replaced in time. Signs shall be painted in the style specified in the contract.
4. Preparation time: according to the provisions of the letter of credit, combined with the shipping schedule, so as to facilitate the connection of ships and cargoes.
2、 Implement letter of credit
When performing the contract of payment by letter of credit, the mastery, management and use of letter of credit are directly related to the implementation of China's foreign policy and the safety of foreign exchange collection. The implementation of letter of credit includes three contents: reminder, examination and amendment.
（1） Urge to open letter of credit if the buyer and the seller agree to adopt letter of credit in the export contract, the buyer shall open the letter of credit on time in strict accordance with the provisions of the contract, which is the premise for the seller to perform the contract. However, in actual business, sometimes foreign importers often delay the issuance of L / C when the market changes or there is a shortage of funds. In this regard, we should urge the other party to handle the L / C procedures quickly. Especially for bulk commodity transactions or special commodity transactions at the request of the buyer, the confirmation should be expedited in time in combination with the stock situation. If necessary, we can also ask our overseas institutions or the Bank of China to assist in expediting the confirmation.
（2） Review letter of credit
Letter of credit is a guarantee document of bank credit, but the bank's credit guarantee is conditional on the documents submitted by the beneficiary meeting the terms of the letter of credit. Therefore, the credit of the issuing bank and the contents of the letter of credit are related to the safety of foreign exchange collection. In order to ensure the safety of foreign exchange collection, our foreign trade enterprises immediately check and examine the letters of credit opened by foreign customers through banks. Checking and examining letters of credit is a very important work. Doing a good job in this work is of great significance for implementing the guidelines and policies of China's foreign trade, performing the task of loading goods, delivering the shipping documents as agreed, and collecting the payment for goods in a timely and safe manner. Generally speaking, the following aspects should be considered when examining foreign certificates:
1. General audit points: (1) audit from the policy. (2) Review the credit status of the issuing bank. (3) Check whether the letter of credit has become effective and whether there are reservations or restrictive provisions. (4) Review the irrevocability of the letter of credit.
The foreign certificate acceptable to our country must be irrevocable.
2. Key points of special audit: there are many kinds of special audit, different transactions and different situations. The following are the key points of audit in general transactions: (1) payment currency (2) amount of letter of credit (3) maturity date, document presentation period and the latest shipment date. (4) Transshipment and partial shipment. (5) Applicant and beneficiary. (6) The above terms of payment must be strictly consistent with the letter of credit. In actual business, banks and import and export companies jointly undertake the task of verification. Among them, the bank focuses on reviewing the contents of the issuing bank's political background, credit capacity, payment responsibility and remittance claim route, while the import and export company focuses on reviewing the contents of the letter of credit.
（3） Modify the letter of credit
In actual business, after a comprehensive and detailed examination of the letter of credit, when problems are found, the export enterprises should usually deal with them according to the nature of the problems, and some of them must contact the relevant departments of banking, transportation, insurance, inspection and other departments for joint research before they can make appropriate decisions. Generally speaking, for any problem that does not conform to China's foreign trade policies and affects the performance of the contract and the safety of foreign exchange collection, foreign customers must be required to amend through the issuing bank, and insist that the goods can be shipped only after receiving the bank's letter of credit amendment notice for approval; For those that can be modified or not, or can be achieved with appropriate efforts, they can be handled at their discretion, or without modification, in accordance with the provisions of the letter of credit. In a letter of credit, it is common to have several clauses that need to be amended. In this regard, it should be proposed to the applicant at one time, otherwise, it will not only increase the procedures and costs of both parties, but also have a bad external impact. Secondly, any letter of credit amendment notice received should be carefully reviewed. If it is found that the amendment is incorrect or we cannot agree, we have the right to refuse to accept it, but we should make a notice of refusal to amend it in time and send it to the Bank of communications to avoid affecting the smooth performance of the contract. In order to prevent counterfeiting and facilitate the beneficiary to fully perform its obligations under the terms of the letter of credit, the amendment notice of the letter of credit should be transmitted or notified through the advising bank of the original letter of credit. If it is sent by the applicant or the issuing bank, it should be submitted to the original advising bank for confirmation. For the letter of credit amendment that is acceptable or has been accepted, it should be immediately attached to the original letter of credit and indicate the number of amendments, so as to prevent the disconnection from the original letter of credit when used, resulting in incomplete terms of the letter of credit and affecting the timely and safe collection of foreign exchange.
3、 Arrange shipment
There are many work links involved in arranging the shipment of goods, among which the work of consignment, customs declaration, shipment and shipping notice is particularly important.
（1） There are many work links involved in arranging the shipment of goods, among which the work of consignment, insurance, customs declaration, shipment and shipping notice is particularly important. At present, in China, foreign trade enterprises usually entrust China foreign trade transportation company or other enterprises engaged in foreign trade transportation agency business to handle export contracts, foreign shipment of goods, rental of transportation means and handling of specific transportation related matters arranged by our party. Therefore, after the goods and certificates are ready, export enterprises should immediately go through the consignment formalities with the foreign transportation agencies. In addition to the shipping documents, various certificates and lists related to this batch of goods, such as Bill of lading, commercial invoice, detailed list of export goods (packing list), customs declaration of export goods, verification and cancellation list of export foreign exchange collection, etc., must be attached during the consignment. For some commodities, relevant certificates such as export license, marine connection of quota license, commodity inspection certificate, etc., need to be provided for customs inspection and release. The working steps for our export enterprises to handle consignment with overseas transportation agencies are as follows:
(1) Check the shipping schedule and fill in the consignment note for export goods (2) the shipping company or its agent issues the shipping order
（2） When going through the insurance procedures, the applicant should usually fill in the foreign transportation insurance application form, listing the name of the applicant, the name of the goods, the mark, the transportation route, the name of the ship or the means of shipment, the date of departure, the voyage, the type of insurance, the amount of insurance, the date of insurance, the place of compensation, etc. Accordingly, the insurance company considers accepting the underwriting and preparing the insurance documents.
（3） Customs declaration in accordance with the provisions of the Customs Law: all goods entering and leaving the country must pass through ports, stations and international air stations with customs, and the owner of the goods must declare to the customs. After customs inspection and release, the goods can be picked up or shipped for export. Therefore, the consignee and consignor of import and export goods can only pick up or ship the goods after completing the customs clearance procedures.
（4） Before the shipping ship arrives at the port, the foreign trade enterprise or outward transportation agency shall store the goods cleared for export in the designated warehouse of the port according to the cargo warehousing plan made by the port. After the ship arrives at the port, the port area shall sign the application for port miscellaneous charges of export goods to the shipper and then handle the pick-up and shipment. Upon completion of loading, the captain or the first mate on board shall issue the first mate receipt according to the actual loading situation. Foreign trade enterprises or overseas transportation agencies can exchange this document for the ocean bill of lading from the shipping company or its agent. After the goods are loaded on the ship, the foreign trade enterprise or overseas transportation agency will send the prepared ocean bill of lading to the shipping company or its agent for signature. After the shipping company or agent verifies that the contents of the ocean bill of lading are consistent with the contents of the chief mate's receipt, the bill of lading is officially issued, marked with the words "shipped" and stamped with the seal of the date of shipment.
（5） After the goods are loaded, the foreign trade enterprise shall send the "shipping notice" to the foreign buyer in time, so that the other party can prepare the payment and redemption documents, and handle the import customs declaration and receiving procedures. The contents of the shipping notice generally include the order or contract number, letter of credit number, name of goods, quantity, total value, shipping mark, port of shipment, date of shipment, name of vessel and estimated sailing date, etc. In actual business, the above items should be properly listed in the message according to the requirements of the letter of credit and the custom of customers.
4、 Voucher preparation and foreign exchange settlement
After the shipment of goods, the export enterprise shall immediately prepare all kinds of documents correctly in accordance with the provisions of the letter of credit, and send all kinds of documents and necessary vouchers to the designated bank for payment, acceptance or negotiation on or before the due date of presentation specified in the letter of credit, and settle foreign exchange with the bank after receiving the payment. There are three methods of export settlement in China: receipt and settlement, documentary bill and regular settlement.
（1） Prepare documents. Export documents must meet the requirements of "correctness, completeness, timeliness, conciseness and neatness". Commonly used export documents 1, bill of exchange 2, commercial invoice 3, transportation document 4, insurance document 5, packaging document 6, certificate of origin 7, inspection certificate 8, customs invoice 9, other documents. Common ones are: (1) certificate of sending documents (2) certificate of sending samples (3) copy of shipping notice (4) receipt of Post Office (5) certificates related to transportation, such as ship registry or voyage certificate, ship age certificate, classification certificate, etc, The beneficiary should ask for it from the shipping company or its agent.
（2） Presentation of documents for settlement of foreign exchange presentation of documents refers to that the exporter (beneficiary of the letter of credit) submits documents in accordance with the terms of the letter of credit to the designated bank before the expiry of the letter of credit and within the period of presentation. After these documents are confirmed to be correct by the bank, the bank will handle the export settlement of foreign exchange according to the payment conditions stipulated in the letter of credit. After receiving the documents, the negotiating bank shall immediately review them in accordance with the provisions of the letter of credit, and notify the beneficiary of the review results within 7 banking days from the next day of receiving the documents. If the review is correct, it shall immediately send documents to the issuing bank of the letter of credit or other designated paying banks for compensation, and settle the exchange in accordance with the method agreed with the exporter. In our export business, the settlement of foreign exchange means that the bank purchases the foreign exchange received at the bank purchase price of the current day's RMB market exchange rate, settles it into RMB and pays it to the exporter. In China's export business, the use of negotiated letters of credit is more common. There are mainly three methods of export settlement of this letter of credit: "receipt and settlement", "regular settlement" and "payment settlement". "Receipt and settlement of foreign exchange", also known as "receipt before settlement", means that the negotiating bank receives the documents submitted by the beneficiary, sends the documents to the foreign paying bank for foreign exchange after verification and confirmation that they are consistent with the provisions of the letter of credit, and after the paying bank transfers the foreign exchange to the negotiating bank, the negotiating bank settles the documents into RMB at the foreign exchange rate of the current day and delivers them to the beneficiary. "Regular settlement of foreign exchange" means that the negotiating bank sends the documents submitted by the beneficiary to the foreign bank for compensation after they are verified to be correct, and settles the payment in foreign exchange into RMB, credits the beneficiary's account or delivers it to the beneficiary within a predetermined period from the date of document delivery. "Purchase and settlement of foreign exchange", also known as export documentary bills or negotiation, means that the negotiating bank, after reviewing the documents and confirming that the documents submitted by the beneficiary comply with the provisions of the letter of credit, purchases the beneficiary's bills of exchange and / or documents according to the terms of the letter of credit, deducts the interest from the negotiation date to the estimated date of receipt of the bill of exchange according to the face value, converts the net amount into RMB according to the market exchange rate of RMB on the negotiation date, and pays it to the beneficiary of the letter of credit.
